Tag: Weed Connection

Study: Cannabis Extracts Relieve GI Symptoms in Fibromyalgia Patients

Baronissi, Italy: Fibromyalgia (FM) patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders experience symptomatic improvements following the sustained use of plant-derived cannabis extracts, according to data published in the journal Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology.

Italian researchers assessed GI symptoms in 46 FM patients prior to and following their use of cannabis extracts containing 19 percent THC and 1 percent CBD. Patients were evaluated at enrollment, at three months, and six months.

Researchers reported that cannabis dosing was associated with significant reductions in patients’ epigastric and abdominal pain. Cannabis treatment was also associated with less intense and frequent symptoms of gastric burning and bloating. A minority of patients (eight percent) experienced complete remission from their symptoms during the study.

“This study supports … medical cannabis as an alternative treatment for FM with a potential effect on FD [functional dyspepsia] and IBS [irritable bowel syndrome] patients,” the study’s authors concluded.

Survey data shows that FM patients frequently consume cannabis to mitigate disease symptoms and to reduce their reliance on prescription medications.

Full text of the study, “The effect of medical cannabis on gastrointestinal symptoms in fibromyalgia and disorders of gut-brain interaction: A patient-centered real-world observational study,” appears in Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology.

Analysis: Hair Follicle Testing Detects Passive Exposure to Cannabis Smoke

Bologna, Italy: Subjects exposed to second-hand cannabis smoke, even for brief periods, can test positive for THC on a hair follicle test, according to data published in the journal Forensic Science International.

A team of Italian investigators assessed the ability of hair tests to detect THC in subjects exposed to side-stream cannabis smoke. Study participants were exposed to second-hand smoke from a single marijuana cigarette for 15 minutes in a non-ventilated environment.

Subjects’ hair samples tested positive for THC following passive exposure, with male subjects possessing higher THC values than women. All subjects tested negative for THC metabolites in their urine.

“Our study showed that hair contamination could arise in vivo even after short single exposures to cannabis, … underlining the need for a careful interpretation of results of hair analysis in forensic toxicology,” the study’s authors concluded.

NORML has consistently criticized the use of drug detection tests, such as blood testing, oral fluid tests, urinalysis, and hair testing, in the workplace and elsewhere because they cannot accurately determine behavioral impairment or recent drug ingestion.

Full text of the study, “Analysis of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on hair after single and repeated short in vivo passive exposures to low- and high-delta-9-THC cannabis,” appears in Forensic Science International.

Study: Marijuana Extracts Mitigate Chronic Pain in Cannabis-Naïve Subjects

Cologne, Germany: The sustained use of plant-derived cannabis extracts significantly reduces pain and improves mental health in patients with or without a history of marijuana use, according to observational data published in the journal Advances in Therapy.

German investigators assessed the safety and efficacy of cannabis extracts containing equal percentages of THC and CBD in a cohort of 64 patients with inadequately treated chronic pain. The cohort included 35 cannabis-naïve patients. Study participants were observed for six months.

Researchers “observed a substantial reduction in patient-reported pain intensity over time in both groups,” with pain scores falling most significantly (by 60 percent) in the cannabis-naïve subgroup. No serious adverse events were reported.

“Our findings indicate that treatment with medicinal cannabis improves both physical and mental health in patients with chronic pain,” the study’s authors concluded. “The results suggest that medicinal cannabis might be a safe alternative for patients who are inadequately treated with conventional therapies.”

Separate data published in the Journal of the American Medical Association reports that nearly one in three patients with chronic pain use cannabis as an analgesic agent and many of those who do substitute it in place of opioids.

Full text of the study, “An observational study on improving pain and quality of life with the Cannamedical hybrid cannabis extract,” appears in Advances in Therapy.

Survey: Many Consumers Substitute Cannabis for Prescription Medications

Los Angeles, CA: Most consumers acknowledge using cannabis in place of pharmaceutical medications, according to survey data compiled by the telehealth platform NuggMD.

Of the 485 subjects surveyed, more than 79 percent said that they consumed cannabis, at least in part, as an alternative to prescription medications. Notably, most respondents did not participate in state-sanctioned medical marijuana access programs. The findings, which are consistent with numerous other surveys, indicate that many consumers use cannabis for therapeutic purposes, even if they do not self-identify as patients.

Many longitudinal studies report a decline in patients’ use of conventional medicines, specifically opioids, anti-anxiety drugs, and sleep aids, following their use of cannabis. Consumers also frequently report substituting cannabis for alcohol, tobacco, and other controlled substances.

Study: Low-Dose Cannabis Extracts Reduce Chronic Pain, Patients’ Reliance on Analgesic Medications

Puerto Madryn, Argentina: Chronic pain patients experience sustained symptomatic improvements following the use of low-dose, plant-derived cannabis extracts, according to data published in the Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy.

Argentinian investigators assessed the adjunctive use of cannabis extracts in a cohort of 88 patients diagnosed with either musculoskeletal, neuropathic, or oncological pain. Extracts contained no more than 5 ng/ml THC and 2 ng/ml CBD. Study participants consumed extracts sublingually for six months.

Sixty-five percent of patients experienced pain reductions of greater than 50 percent following cannabis treatment. Additionally, most participants reported improved sleep and a decrease in anxiety. Twenty-six percent of patients reduced their use of traditional analgesic medications – a finding consistent with other studies.

Most patients reported either mild or no adverse side effects. None of the study’s participants experienced psychoactive effects following cannabis dosing.

“We observed an important decrease in pain between the first and last consultation, at relatively low doses (~ 4 mg/day for THC and ~ 2 mg/day CBD),” researchers reported. “Similar trends were found for all life quality-associated parameters studied, except appetite, and side effects were mild, implying that significant pain reduction can be effectively and consistently obtained from herbal full-spectrum preparations.”

The study’s authors concluded: “No participants increased or added analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs during the study. … Cannabis herbal preparations for the treatment of chronic pain may not only benefit patients from a safe and effective therapeutic option, but health care systems could increase sustainability and reduce hospitalization due to adverse effects.”

Full text of the study, “Effectiveness of full spectrum cannabis extracts in the treatment of chronic pain: An open label study,” appears in the Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy.

Analysis: Botanical Cannabis Products Often Possess Less THC Than Advertised

Boulder, CO: Botanical cannabis products sold in Colorado frequently contain lesser amounts of THC than what is advertised on the products’ labels, according to data published in the journal Nature: Scientific Reports.

Investigators affiliated with the University of Colorado at Boulder purchased 281 cannabis products, including loose flower, pre-rolls, and concentrates, from state-licensed dispensaries. All products were independently lab-tested for THC and CBD potency.

Consistent with prior studies, THC potency was over-labeled in a significant percentage of the herbal cannabis products. By contrast, most (96 percent) concentrates were accurately labeled.

The study’s authors concluded: “This study found THC potency labeling to be accurate within ± 15 percent for almost all tested cannabis concentrate products, whereas flower products more frequently did not meet this accuracy threshold. Both product types reported higher THC potency values on the label than what was observed. Continued investigation into labeling inaccuracies and more consistent, rigorous testing moving forward is indicated, particularly for flower products, across various legal cannabis markets.”

Full text of the study, “Accuracy of labelled THC potency across flower and concentrate cannabis products,” appears in Nature: Scientific Reports.

Study: Low-THC Cannabis Extracts Improve Symptoms in Children with Rett Syndrome

Melbourne, Australia: Pediatric patients diagnosed with Rett syndrome (RTT) show improvements in alertness, communication skills, anxiety, and other symptoms following the daily use of specially formulated plant-derived cannabis extracts, according to open-label clinical trial data published in the Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health.

Australian investigators assessed the twice-daily use of cannabis extracts containing CBD and THC in a cohort of 11 girls with RTT. Subjects were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Rett Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder associated with developmental delays, seizures, loss of speech and motor coordination, and involuntary/repetitive movements, among other symptoms.

“Oral administration of [cannabis extracts] for 12 weeks was associated with significant improvements in core RTT symptoms, including mental alertness, communication skills, socialization/eye contact, attentiveness, and anxiety,” researchers reported. “[Cannabis] administration also demonstrated improvements in key secondary outcomes, such as overall clinical severity, quality of life, and a reduction in caregiver burden.”

Investigators also reported improvements in patients’ breathing, mood, and teeth grinding.

The study’s authors concluded: “RTT is associated with a range of complex clinical manifestations. … This Phase I/II study of [plant-derived cannabis extracts] in RTT provides an encouraging foundation for further studies in this population. The improvements observed in clinical outcomes and caregiver burden justify ongoing research and confirm [that cannabis extracts are] a potential adjunct therapy for RTT.”

Full text of the study, “Full-spectrum medicinal cannabis plant extract 0.08% THC improves symptoms of Rett syndrome: An open-label study,” appears in theJournal of Pediatrics and Child Health.

Hawaii: Governor Signs Medical Cannabis Expansion Bill Despite Privacy Concerns

Honolulu, HI: Democratic Gov. Josh Green has signed legislation (HB 302) into law expanding the pool of patients eligible for medical cannabis. Governor Green’s signature came weeks after he signaled his intention to veto the bill due to concerns that separate provisions might put patients’ privacy at risk.

The new law, which took immediate effect, permits medical providers to issue cannabis authorizations to any patient for whom they believe “the benefit of the medical use of cannabis would likely outweigh the health risks.” It also allows patients to receive authorizations via telehealth appointments.

Separate provisions in the law provide the Health Department with the authority to inspect a qualifying patient’s medical records without a warrant. Health providers who refuse to turn over their records when ordered to do so could have their ability to issue medical cannabis authorizations suspended. Governor Green had previously cautioned that the new inspection provisions “may deter patients from participating in the medical cannabis program.”

Hawaii legalized medical cannabis access in 2000, becoming the first state to do so legislatively. About 30,000 patients currently participate in the access program.

Analysis: Cannabis Use by Pancreatitis Patients Associated With Reduced In-Hospital Mortality, Lower Cancer Risk

Nashville, TN: Pancreatitis patients who consume cannabis are less likely to die while hospitalized and possess better overall health outcomes as compared to non-users, according to data published in the Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease.

An international team of researchers from the United States and India assessed the relationship between cannabis use and inpatient outcomes in a cohort of more than 907,000 hospitalized patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP).

After adjusting for confounders, cannabis use was associated with decreased odds of mortality (odds raMJ tio [OR]: 0.47), ICU admission (OR=0.71), deep vein thrombosis (OR=0.71), pulmonary embolism (OR=0.62), and pancreatic cancer (OR=.73).

“Our study reports [that] cannabis use among hospitalized patients with chronic pancreatitis [is] associated with improved in-hospital outcomes as well as lower odds of developing pancreatic cancer,” the study’s authors concluded. “Future research …. [should] aim to identify the exact mechanism by which cannabis exerts its effects on the pancreas and other organ systems is required.”

The findings are consistent with those of a 2019 study, which similarly reported that acute pancreatitis patients with a history of cannabis use had “significantly lower in-patient mortality” and shorter hospital stays than non-users.

Typically, patients with CP are at a higher risk of complications due to their compromised immune system.

Other studies have also linked cannabis use with decreased in-hospital mortality, specifically among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, acute myocardial infarction, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastroparesis, HIV, burn-related injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and various other types of severe trauma.

Full text of the study, “Cannabis use and outcomes in patients with chronic pancreatitis: A national inpatient sample analysis,” appears in the Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease.

Idaho: Mandatory Minimum Penalties for Minor Marijuana Violations Take Effect

Boise, ID: Legislation took effect this week imposing new mandatory fines for people convicted of minor marijuana possession offenses.

Under the new law, offenders must pay a minimum fine of $300. Those convicted may also face up to one year in jail.

Republican Gov. Brad Little signed the legislation into law in February. Lawmakers claimed the mandatory fines are necessary because too many judges were refusing to impose fines for first-time offenders. Idaho is the only state to impose mandatory minimum penalties for first-time, low-level marijuana possession offenders.

Between 2018 and 2023, Idaho police made over 31,000 marijuana-related arrests. Over 94 percent of those arrests were for marijuana possession, not sales. Approximately half of all drug-related arrests in Idaho are marijuana-related.

Idaho lawmakers also passed a resolution this session providing the legislature with exclusive authority to decide marijuana policy. The resolution will appear as a ballot question next year.

Florida: New Law Suspends Medical Cannabis Access to Those With Certain Drug Convictions

Tallahassee, FL: Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis has signed legislation (SB 2514) into law suspending the registrations of medical cannabis patients and caregivers who have certain drug-related convictions on their records.

The new provisions are included in a Health and Human Services appropriations bill. The language reads, “The Department shall immediately suspend the registration” of any patient or caregiver convicted of “trafficking in the sale, manufacture, or delivery of, or possession with intent to sell, … of a controlled substance.”

Those who have their registrations revoked may reapply to participate in the program after they have “completed all terms” related to their conviction.

An earlier version of the bill sought to revoke registrations for any patient or caregiver convicted of even minor drug-related offenses, including those specific to the purchase of more than ten grams of marijuana. That language was eventually amended in a conference committee.

NORML generated hundreds of emails to lawmakers opposing the new restrictions, opining: “Patients do not lose their access to opioids and other traditional medications based on past convictions. They should not lose their access to medical cannabis either.”

Some 900,000 Floridians are registered in the state’s medical cannabis access program.

Arkansas: Hemp Ban Not Preempted by Federal Law, Federal Court Rules

Little Rock, AR: An Arkansas law prohibiting the sale of hemp-derived intoxicating products is not preempted by the 2018 federal Farm Bill, according to a ruling issued last week by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals.

Plaintiffs challenged the 2023 law (Arkansas Act 629), which restricts the sale of hemp-derived intoxicating cannabinoids that are the result of a chemical synthesis, such as products high in concentrations of delta-8-THC. The Court rejected plaintiffs’ arguments, opining that federal law “facilitates” but does not mandate states to regulate hemp-related products.

“Just because states may legalize hemp under the 2018 Farm Bill does not mean they must,” the Court determined.

The decision is similar to rulings issued earlier this year by federal courts in Alaska and Virginia, which also determined that state governments retain the ability to restrict the sales of hemp-derived intoxicating products. In Alabama, a Montgomery Circuit Court judge also recently upheld that state’s newly imposed ban on smokable hemp products.

Nearly half of all US states impose severe restrictions on the retail sale of delta-8-THC and similar products, according to reporting provided by Courthouse News Service. However, Republican Governors in Florida and Texas have recently vetoed legislation that sought to impose similar bans.

The case is Bio Gen LLC et al. vs Sarah Huckabee Sanders et al.

Ohio: Lawmakers Pause Effort To Roll Back Voter-Approved Marijuana Legalization Law

Columbus, OH: Legislation modifying the state’s voter-approved adult-use marijuana law has stalled ahead of lawmakers’ summer recess.

Lawmakers recently cancelled a pair of scheduled votes on a substitute version of Senate Bill 56 after legislators raised numerous concerns about its language. In recent months, NORML has generated over 17,000 messages to lawmakers opposing the bill.

The amended bill makes numerous changes to existing law, including placing a cap on the total number of state-licensed cannabis retailers permitted statewide, imposing THC potency limits, and criminalizing the possession of any marijuana products obtained from out of state. It also prohibits the sale of hemp-derived intoxicating products in outlets other than state-licensed dispensaries.

Fifty-seven percent of Ohio voters approved Issue 2 in 2023. Regulators implemented the law as written in 2024, following a failed attempt by some of the state’s leading Republicans to pass legislation that would have gutted many of its key provisions.

Study: No Significant Link Between Current Marijuana Use and Increased Risk of Heart Attack

Oklahoma City, OK: Adults who acknowledge having used cannabis within the past 30 days do not possess a significantly elevated risk of heart attack as compared to non-users, according to data published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (AJPM) Focus.

A pair of researchers affiliated with the University of Oklahoma Hudson College of Public Health assessed the relationship between marijuana use and asthma, depression, and myocardial infarction in a representative sample of 729,240 individuals.

Unadjusted models determined that current marijuana consumers possessed a decreased risk of heart attack and an increased risk of asthma; however, these associations became non-significant once investigators adjusted for covariates (e.g., age, pre-existing health conditions, etc.).

These findings “seem to support previous studies showing that marijuana use was not associated with MI [myocardial infarction],” the study’s authors concluded.

Researchers did identify a statistically significant link between current cannabis use and depression, but they cautioned that this result “does not indicate a causal association.”

Although individual studies assessing cannabis use and cardiovascular health have yielded inconsistent results, a literature review of 67 papers published in The American Journal of Medicine concluded, “[M]arijuana itself does not appear to be independently associated with excessive cardiovascular risk factors.”

Full text of the study, “The association between marijuana use and myocardial infarction, asthma, and depression in racial and sexual minorities: BRFSS 2016-2022,” appears in AJPM Focus.

Survey: Over One in Three Californians Report Current Cannabis Use, Most Say They Obtain It From Licensed Dispensaries

San Diego, CA: Over one-third of California adults acknowledge having consumed cannabis within the past three months, and most say that they obtain it primarily from state-licensed dispensaries, according to survey data published in the journal Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.

Researchers with the University of California at San Diego surveyed over 5,000 California adults. Respondents were demographically matched to the 2020 California census.

Thirty-seven percent of respondents reported currently consuming cannabis products, while 33 percent said that they were former consumers. Over three quarter of current consumers said that they obtained marijuana products primarily from licensed dispensaries – a finding that the study’s authors acknowledged is “in contrast to public reporting regarding the strong presence of the illicit marketplace” in California.

Current consumers said that their cannabis use positively impacted their lives, with participants reporting improved emotional (82 percent), mental (81 percent), and physical (62 percent) health. More than half of consumers acknowledged using cannabis in place of a prescription medication – a finding that is consistent with other surveys.

California voters approved a ballot measure regulating the adult-use marijuana market in 2016.

Full text of the study, “Cannabis use in California following legalization of recreational use,” appears in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.

Clinical Trial: FDA-Approved CBD Formulation Associated With Clinically Evident Improvements in Autistic Boys

San Diego, CA: The adjunctive use of CBD in the form of the plant-derived FDA-approved drug Epidiolex is associated with symptomatic improvements in autistic boys with severe behavioral problems, according to clinical trial data published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

Investigators affiliated with the University of California at San Diego assessed CBD treatment versus placebo in a cohort of 39 autistic boys ages 7 to 14. Clinicians observed participants on either a weekly or biweekly basis throughout the study period but were unaware of which participants were consuming CBD or placebo until after the study’s conclusion.

“Blinded clinical impressions showed almost two-third of the participants had behavioral improvements with CBD,” researchers reported. “Reductions in aggressive behaviors and hyperactivity were observed most frequently, with improvements in communication being seen in almost 30 percent. Since many of the participants were non-speaking at the onset of the study, this was a notable change, with several of the children beginning to use words for the first time.”

Investigators did not identify significant differences between CBD treatment and placebo on other outcome measures – a result that they attributed to the study’s small sample size and a greater than expected placebo effect. They acknowledged that Epidiolex possesses an acceptable safety profile and is well-tolerated in this patient population. (Epidiolex was approved by the FDA in 2018 specifically for the treatment of Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, two rare forms of childhood epilepsy.)

“Despite the limitations, this study provides valuable new information about a potential role of CBD in improving behavior in a subset of children with autism, as well as the strong role the placebo effect plays in this condition,” the study’s authors concluded.

Several other placebo-controlled trials and observational studies have shown that the use of cannabinoids can improve symptoms and provide quality-of-life benefits to patients with autism.

Full text of the study, “Cannabidiol treatment for severe problem behaviors in autistic boys: A randomized clinical trial,” appears in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

Case Report: Topical Application of Hemp Seed Oil Mitigates Eczema Symptoms

Katowice, Poland: The daily application of hemp seed oil is associated with reduced inflammation, itching, and other symptoms associated with eczema, according to the results of a case study published in the journal Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences.

Polish researchers reported on an eczema patient’s progress after using cannabis seed oil topically for three months. The patient applied the oil once daily prior to going to sleep.

“In our observational study, regular, 3-month application of the emulsion based on cannabis sativa L. oil considerably reduced inflammation, erythema, pruritus, xerosis and scaling of the skin, soothing excoriations and lichenification (hardening of the skin),” the study’s authors concluded.

A prior observational study similarly reported that the topical application of the plant-derived cannabinoids CBD and CBG (cannabigerol) reduced itching and other related symptoms in eczema patients.

Topical application of cannabinoids, particularly CBD, has demonstrated benefits in the treatment of a variety of skin-related conditions, including, leg ulcers, skin ulcers of the fingertips, psoriasis, erythema, pruritus, and acne. It has also been associated with wound healing in patients with refractory leg ulcers and with the rare skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa. The application of hemp seed oil has been shown to accelerate wound healing in animal models.

Full text of the study, “Topical use of cannabis sativa L.-based emulsion for management of atopic dermatitis persisting from infancy in a 23-year-old male – a case study,” appears in Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences.