Tag: Tuesday

Analysis: Marijuana Legalization in California Associated With Lower Alcohol Consumption

San Francisco, CA: The passage of adult-use marijuana legalization in California is associated with sustained decreases in alcohol consumption, according to data published in the journal Addiction.

Researchers affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco and the healthcare provider Kaiser Permanente assessed trends in self-reported alcohol consumption among northern Californians prior to and following voters’ decision to legalize marijuana. (California legalized marijuana in 2016.) Study participants were Kaiser Permanente patients who underwent annual screenings for alcohol use during visits with their primary care doctors. Investigators reviewed data from over 3.5 million adults over four years.

Researchers identified sustained declines in participants’ weekly drinking patterns, as well as in how often they engaged in heavy episodic drinking, following legalization. Declines were most pronounced among those ages 35 to 49.

“Specifically, this group showed a significant immediate reduction in frequent HED [heavy episodic drinking], along with gradual declines over time in HED and rates of exceeding both daily and weekly limits,” investigators determined. “This may suggest that cannabis policy changes contributed to a meaningful shift away from higher risk drinking behaviors, potentially reflecting greater substitution effects as compared to younger groups.”

Declines were less pronounced among those ages 21 to 34 and among those 65+.

The study’s authors concluded, “Cannabis policy changes in California, USA, appear to be linked to age-specific changes in alcohol use, with moderate reductions, particularly among middle-aged adults.”

The findings are consistent with those from Canada determining that alcohol sales declined in that country following the adoption of adult-use marijuana legalization.

Survey data published last year in The Harm Reduction Journal found that 60 percent of cannabis consumers acknowledge using it to reduce their alcohol intake.

Full text of the study, “Are cannabis policy changes associated with alcohol use patterns? Evidence from age-group differences based on primary care screening data,” appears in Addiction.

Survey: IBD Patients Report Symptomatic Benefits, Decreased Reliance on Opioids Following Cannabis Use

Cleveland, OH: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, frequently report using cannabis products to manage their symptoms, according to survey data published in the journal Academia Medicine.

Investigators affiliated with the Case Western Reserve School of Medicine surveyed 93 IBD patients regarding their use of either cannabis or CBD products.

Among those participants who acknowledged consuming cannabis, most said that it mitigated their IBD-related pain, stress, and anxiety. Many patients also reported using CBD oil products; however, they did not perceive them to be as effective as cannabis.

Thirty-four percent of patients reported decreasing their opioid consumption when using either cannabis or CBD products – a finding that is consistent with prior data. Fifteen percent of patients reported that their use of cannabis products induced disease remission.

“The findings indicate that a significant proportion of IBD patients use cannabis, notice symptom relief, and prefer its therapeutic use,” the study’s authors concluded. “As interest in alternative treatments gains momentum, these results can influence future clinical trials, guide healthcare professionals in patient counseling, and be included in altering treatment modalities.”

Observational trials have previously documented that cannabis use by IBD patients is associated with fewer ER visits. In a randomized placebo-controlled trial involving 21 patients with refractory Crohn’s disease, nearly half achieved disease remission following their use of herbal cannabis. A separate placebo-controlled trial reported that herbal cannabis is associated with clinical improvements and increased quality of life in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis.

Full text of the study, “Inflammatory bowel disease patients believe cannabis and cannabidiol oil relieve symptoms,” appears in Academia Medicine.

Delaware: Medical Cannabis Dispensaries To Begin Adult-Use Sales

Dover, DE: Consumers ages 21 and older can begin purchasing cannabis products from licensed retailers on Friday, August 1st – some 28 months after lawmakers approved legislation legalizing the adult-use market.

Consumers will initially be able to purchase cannabis at approximately a dozen retail locations — all of which are existing medical cannabis dispensaries that have received ‘conversion licenses’ to sell to patients and adults.

Regulators have pledged to approve additional licenses to new applicants in the coming months.

“Delaware has taken a major step forward by launching a legal adult-use cannabis market that prioritizes equity, safety, and accountability,” Democratic Governor Matt Meyer said. “This new industry will generate critical revenue to strengthen our schools, infrastructure, and public health systems, while creating real opportunities for entrepreneurs. This revenue also gives us a powerful tool to invest in the communities most impacted by the war on drugs, addressing past wrongs and ensuring that the benefits of this new market reach every corner of our state.

A Delaware State Auditor’s report estimates that adult-use sales will generate $43 million in annual tax revenue.

Survey: Patients Undergoing Opioid Maintenance Therapy Frequently Use Cannabis To Mitigate Cravings, Withdrawal Symptoms

Munich, Germany: A significant percentage of patients undergoing opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) acknowledge consuming cannabis to ease withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings, according to survey data published in the journal Brain Sciences.

German researchers affiliated with the University of Munich surveyed 128 opioid use disorder (OUD) patients receiving OMT. Forty-one percent of respondents reported using cannabis. Of those, 59 percent said that they did so “to suppress cravings for other [controlled] substances.” Thirty-nine percent said they used cannabis “to suppress opioid withdrawal symptoms.”

The findings are consistent with prior studies involving opioid-dependent subjects.

“These findings highlight a complex interaction between opioid treatment and cannabis use,” the study’s authors concluded. “Further longitudinal and placebo-controlled trials are needed to investigate the clinical and pharmacological interactions between cannabis and OMT, including effects on craving, withdrawal, and overall treatment outcomes.”

Full text of the study, “Cannabis use in opioid maintenance therapy: Prevalence, clinical correlates, and reasons for use,” appears in Brain Sciences.

Analysis: Medical Cannabis Associated With Reduced Healthcare Utilization in Chronic Pain Patients

Miami, FL: The sustained use of state-authorized medical cannabis products is associated with improved quality of life and reduced healthcare utilization among chronic pain patients, according to data published in the journal Pharmacy.

A team of researchers affiliated with the medical cannabis telehealth company Leafwell and George Mason University in Virginia assessed healthcare utilization trends in chronic pain patients with and without prior medical cannabis experience. An estimated one in three pain patients residing in medical cannabis access states report using marijuana as an analgesic agent.

Investigators determined that patients who had used medical cannabis products during the prior year reported fewer urgent care visits, fewer emergency department visits, and fewer “unhealthy days per month” than did those with no prior cannabis use history.

“The findings of this study suggest … that medical cannabis is likely an effective treatment option for patients with chronic pain,” the study’s authors concluded. “Moreover, we found that, in addition to an increase in QoL [patients’ quality of life], medical cannabis exposure is associated with lower risk of urgent care and ED visits, when comparing patients who used medical cannabis for at least one year to cannabis-naïve patients. This underscores the potential for not only QoL gains associated with medical cannabis use, but also positive downstream effects on the healthcare system resulting from treatment.”

A prior analysis by Leafwell researchers concluded that state-level access to medical cannabis is associated with significant reductions in healthcare premiums.

Full text of the study, “Medical cannabis use and healthcare utilization among patients with chronic pain: A causal inference analysis using TMLE,” appears in Pharmacy.

Study: Cannabis Consumption Not Associated With Elevated Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Older Adults

San Francisco, CA: Older adults who consume cannabis are no more likely to suffer from adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke, as compared to non-users, according to longitudinal data published in the journal Circulation.

Researchers affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco assessed cannabis use and cardiovascular health in a cohort of 4,285 older veterans (mean age: 67.5) with a history of coronary artery disease. Approximately 25 percent of study participants (1,015 veterans) reported current cannabis use, while the remaining 3,122 participants did not. Subjects were followed for an average of 3.3 years.

Contrary to investigators’ expectations, current cannabis use was not independently associated with elevated rates of heart attack, stroke, cardiovascular death, or all-cause mortality once researchers adjusted for covariates.

“To our knowledge, the current study is the only study to examine the association of cannabis use with longitudinal cardiovascular disease outcomes among persons with established CAD [coronary artery disease],” the study’s authors concluded. “In this older cohort of veterans with CAD, smoking cannabis was not associated with the composite outcome of AMI [acute myocardial infarction], stroke, and cardiovascular death, a finding that was consistent across multiple measures of cannabis exposure.”

Although individual studies assessing cannabis use and cardiovascular health have yielded inconsistent results, a literature review of 67 papers published in The American Journal of Medicine concluded, “[M]arijuana itself does not appear to be independently associated with excessive cardiovascular risk factors.” Most recently, an analysis of over 720,000 adults published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (AJPM) Focus concluded that current cannabis consumers do not possess a greater risk of heart attack as compared to non-users.

Full text of the study, “Association of smoking cannabis with cardiovascular events among veterans with coronary artery disease,” appears in Circulation.

Pilot Study: Cannabis Extracts Show Promise in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome

Sydney, Australia: The administration of plant-derived cannabis extracts containing standardized percentages of THC and CBD is associated with symptomatic improvements in adolescent patients with Tourette syndrome (TS), according to data published in the journal BJPsych Open.

Australian investigators assessed the efficacy of standardized cannabis extracts in ten teenagers (mean age: 14) with refractory TS. Study participants consumed cannabis oil once daily in the evening.

“There was positive signal of efficacy with a statistically significant improvement in parent and self-reported tics and quality of life, as well as behavioral/emotional issues,” researchers reported. “Commonly reported adverse events were tiredness and drowsiness, followed by dry mouth.”

The study’s authors concluded: “Although there is emerging evidence supporting the use of cannabis-based interventions in the management of Tourette syndrome in adults, this study uniquely contributes to the evidence on the benefits and safety of medicinal cannabis in adolescents with Tourette syndrome. … A larger scale, randomized controlled trial is needed to validate these findings.”

Separate data involving adults with TS reports that the sustained use of cannabis reduces tic frequency by as much as 75 percent, while also improving patients’ mood, anxiety, and sleep.

Full text of the study, “Medicinal cannabis for tics in adolescents with Tourette syndrome,” appears in BJPsych Open.

Study: Cannabis Extracts Relieve GI Symptoms in Fibromyalgia Patients

Baronissi, Italy: Fibromyalgia (FM) patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders experience symptomatic improvements following the sustained use of plant-derived cannabis extracts, according to data published in the journal Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology.

Italian researchers assessed GI symptoms in 46 FM patients prior to and following their use of cannabis extracts containing 19 percent THC and 1 percent CBD. Patients were evaluated at enrollment, at three months, and six months.

Researchers reported that cannabis dosing was associated with significant reductions in patients’ epigastric and abdominal pain. Cannabis treatment was also associated with less intense and frequent symptoms of gastric burning and bloating. A minority of patients (eight percent) experienced complete remission from their symptoms during the study.

“This study supports … medical cannabis as an alternative treatment for FM with a potential effect on FD [functional dyspepsia] and IBS [irritable bowel syndrome] patients,” the study’s authors concluded.

Survey data shows that FM patients frequently consume cannabis to mitigate disease symptoms and to reduce their reliance on prescription medications.

Full text of the study, “The effect of medical cannabis on gastrointestinal symptoms in fibromyalgia and disorders of gut-brain interaction: A patient-centered real-world observational study,” appears in Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology.

Analysis: Hair Follicle Testing Detects Passive Exposure to Cannabis Smoke

Bologna, Italy: Subjects exposed to second-hand cannabis smoke, even for brief periods, can test positive for THC on a hair follicle test, according to data published in the journal Forensic Science International.

A team of Italian investigators assessed the ability of hair tests to detect THC in subjects exposed to side-stream cannabis smoke. Study participants were exposed to second-hand smoke from a single marijuana cigarette for 15 minutes in a non-ventilated environment.

Subjects’ hair samples tested positive for THC following passive exposure, with male subjects possessing higher THC values than women. All subjects tested negative for THC metabolites in their urine.

“Our study showed that hair contamination could arise in vivo even after short single exposures to cannabis, … underlining the need for a careful interpretation of results of hair analysis in forensic toxicology,” the study’s authors concluded.

NORML has consistently criticized the use of drug detection tests, such as blood testing, oral fluid tests, urinalysis, and hair testing, in the workplace and elsewhere because they cannot accurately determine behavioral impairment or recent drug ingestion.

Full text of the study, “Analysis of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on hair after single and repeated short in vivo passive exposures to low- and high-delta-9-THC cannabis,” appears in Forensic Science International.

Study: Marijuana Extracts Mitigate Chronic Pain in Cannabis-Naïve Subjects

Cologne, Germany: The sustained use of plant-derived cannabis extracts significantly reduces pain and improves mental health in patients with or without a history of marijuana use, according to observational data published in the journal Advances in Therapy.

German investigators assessed the safety and efficacy of cannabis extracts containing equal percentages of THC and CBD in a cohort of 64 patients with inadequately treated chronic pain. The cohort included 35 cannabis-naïve patients. Study participants were observed for six months.

Researchers “observed a substantial reduction in patient-reported pain intensity over time in both groups,” with pain scores falling most significantly (by 60 percent) in the cannabis-naïve subgroup. No serious adverse events were reported.

“Our findings indicate that treatment with medicinal cannabis improves both physical and mental health in patients with chronic pain,” the study’s authors concluded. “The results suggest that medicinal cannabis might be a safe alternative for patients who are inadequately treated with conventional therapies.”

Separate data published in the Journal of the American Medical Association reports that nearly one in three patients with chronic pain use cannabis as an analgesic agent and many of those who do substitute it in place of opioids.

Full text of the study, “An observational study on improving pain and quality of life with the Cannamedical hybrid cannabis extract,” appears in Advances in Therapy.

Survey: Many Consumers Substitute Cannabis for Prescription Medications

Los Angeles, CA: Most consumers acknowledge using cannabis in place of pharmaceutical medications, according to survey data compiled by the telehealth platform NuggMD.

Of the 485 subjects surveyed, more than 79 percent said that they consumed cannabis, at least in part, as an alternative to prescription medications. Notably, most respondents did not participate in state-sanctioned medical marijuana access programs. The findings, which are consistent with numerous other surveys, indicate that many consumers use cannabis for therapeutic purposes, even if they do not self-identify as patients.

Many longitudinal studies report a decline in patients’ use of conventional medicines, specifically opioids, anti-anxiety drugs, and sleep aids, following their use of cannabis. Consumers also frequently report substituting cannabis for alcohol, tobacco, and other controlled substances.

Study: Low-Dose Cannabis Extracts Reduce Chronic Pain, Patients’ Reliance on Analgesic Medications

Puerto Madryn, Argentina: Chronic pain patients experience sustained symptomatic improvements following the use of low-dose, plant-derived cannabis extracts, according to data published in the Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy.

Argentinian investigators assessed the adjunctive use of cannabis extracts in a cohort of 88 patients diagnosed with either musculoskeletal, neuropathic, or oncological pain. Extracts contained no more than 5 ng/ml THC and 2 ng/ml CBD. Study participants consumed extracts sublingually for six months.

Sixty-five percent of patients experienced pain reductions of greater than 50 percent following cannabis treatment. Additionally, most participants reported improved sleep and a decrease in anxiety. Twenty-six percent of patients reduced their use of traditional analgesic medications – a finding consistent with other studies.

Most patients reported either mild or no adverse side effects. None of the study’s participants experienced psychoactive effects following cannabis dosing.

“We observed an important decrease in pain between the first and last consultation, at relatively low doses (~ 4 mg/day for THC and ~ 2 mg/day CBD),” researchers reported. “Similar trends were found for all life quality-associated parameters studied, except appetite, and side effects were mild, implying that significant pain reduction can be effectively and consistently obtained from herbal full-spectrum preparations.”

The study’s authors concluded: “No participants increased or added analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs during the study. … Cannabis herbal preparations for the treatment of chronic pain may not only benefit patients from a safe and effective therapeutic option, but health care systems could increase sustainability and reduce hospitalization due to adverse effects.”

Full text of the study, “Effectiveness of full spectrum cannabis extracts in the treatment of chronic pain: An open label study,” appears in the Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy.

Analysis: Botanical Cannabis Products Often Possess Less THC Than Advertised

Boulder, CO: Botanical cannabis products sold in Colorado frequently contain lesser amounts of THC than what is advertised on the products’ labels, according to data published in the journal Nature: Scientific Reports.

Investigators affiliated with the University of Colorado at Boulder purchased 281 cannabis products, including loose flower, pre-rolls, and concentrates, from state-licensed dispensaries. All products were independently lab-tested for THC and CBD potency.

Consistent with prior studies, THC potency was over-labeled in a significant percentage of the herbal cannabis products. By contrast, most (96 percent) concentrates were accurately labeled.

The study’s authors concluded: “This study found THC potency labeling to be accurate within ± 15 percent for almost all tested cannabis concentrate products, whereas flower products more frequently did not meet this accuracy threshold. Both product types reported higher THC potency values on the label than what was observed. Continued investigation into labeling inaccuracies and more consistent, rigorous testing moving forward is indicated, particularly for flower products, across various legal cannabis markets.”

Full text of the study, “Accuracy of labelled THC potency across flower and concentrate cannabis products,” appears in Nature: Scientific Reports.

Study: Low-THC Cannabis Extracts Improve Symptoms in Children with Rett Syndrome

Melbourne, Australia: Pediatric patients diagnosed with Rett syndrome (RTT) show improvements in alertness, communication skills, anxiety, and other symptoms following the daily use of specially formulated plant-derived cannabis extracts, according to open-label clinical trial data published in the Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health.

Australian investigators assessed the twice-daily use of cannabis extracts containing CBD and THC in a cohort of 11 girls with RTT. Subjects were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Rett Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder associated with developmental delays, seizures, loss of speech and motor coordination, and involuntary/repetitive movements, among other symptoms.

“Oral administration of [cannabis extracts] for 12 weeks was associated with significant improvements in core RTT symptoms, including mental alertness, communication skills, socialization/eye contact, attentiveness, and anxiety,” researchers reported. “[Cannabis] administration also demonstrated improvements in key secondary outcomes, such as overall clinical severity, quality of life, and a reduction in caregiver burden.”

Investigators also reported improvements in patients’ breathing, mood, and teeth grinding.

The study’s authors concluded: “RTT is associated with a range of complex clinical manifestations. … This Phase I/II study of [plant-derived cannabis extracts] in RTT provides an encouraging foundation for further studies in this population. The improvements observed in clinical outcomes and caregiver burden justify ongoing research and confirm [that cannabis extracts are] a potential adjunct therapy for RTT.”

Full text of the study, “Full-spectrum medicinal cannabis plant extract 0.08% THC improves symptoms of Rett syndrome: An open-label study,” appears in theJournal of Pediatrics and Child Health.

Hawaii: Governor Signs Medical Cannabis Expansion Bill Despite Privacy Concerns

Honolulu, HI: Democratic Gov. Josh Green has signed legislation (HB 302) into law expanding the pool of patients eligible for medical cannabis. Governor Green’s signature came weeks after he signaled his intention to veto the bill due to concerns that separate provisions might put patients’ privacy at risk.

The new law, which took immediate effect, permits medical providers to issue cannabis authorizations to any patient for whom they believe “the benefit of the medical use of cannabis would likely outweigh the health risks.” It also allows patients to receive authorizations via telehealth appointments.

Separate provisions in the law provide the Health Department with the authority to inspect a qualifying patient’s medical records without a warrant. Health providers who refuse to turn over their records when ordered to do so could have their ability to issue medical cannabis authorizations suspended. Governor Green had previously cautioned that the new inspection provisions “may deter patients from participating in the medical cannabis program.”

Hawaii legalized medical cannabis access in 2000, becoming the first state to do so legislatively. About 30,000 patients currently participate in the access program.

Analysis: Cannabis Use by Pancreatitis Patients Associated With Reduced In-Hospital Mortality, Lower Cancer Risk

Nashville, TN: Pancreatitis patients who consume cannabis are less likely to die while hospitalized and possess better overall health outcomes as compared to non-users, according to data published in the Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease.

An international team of researchers from the United States and India assessed the relationship between cannabis use and inpatient outcomes in a cohort of more than 907,000 hospitalized patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP).

After adjusting for confounders, cannabis use was associated with decreased odds of mortality (odds raMJ tio [OR]: 0.47), ICU admission (OR=0.71), deep vein thrombosis (OR=0.71), pulmonary embolism (OR=0.62), and pancreatic cancer (OR=.73).

“Our study reports [that] cannabis use among hospitalized patients with chronic pancreatitis [is] associated with improved in-hospital outcomes as well as lower odds of developing pancreatic cancer,” the study’s authors concluded. “Future research …. [should] aim to identify the exact mechanism by which cannabis exerts its effects on the pancreas and other organ systems is required.”

The findings are consistent with those of a 2019 study, which similarly reported that acute pancreatitis patients with a history of cannabis use had “significantly lower in-patient mortality” and shorter hospital stays than non-users.

Typically, patients with CP are at a higher risk of complications due to their compromised immune system.

Other studies have also linked cannabis use with decreased in-hospital mortality, specifically among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, acute myocardial infarction, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastroparesis, HIV, burn-related injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and various other types of severe trauma.

Full text of the study, “Cannabis use and outcomes in patients with chronic pancreatitis: A national inpatient sample analysis,” appears in the Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease.

Idaho: Mandatory Minimum Penalties for Minor Marijuana Violations Take Effect

Boise, ID: Legislation took effect this week imposing new mandatory fines for people convicted of minor marijuana possession offenses.

Under the new law, offenders must pay a minimum fine of $300. Those convicted may also face up to one year in jail.

Republican Gov. Brad Little signed the legislation into law in February. Lawmakers claimed the mandatory fines are necessary because too many judges were refusing to impose fines for first-time offenders. Idaho is the only state to impose mandatory minimum penalties for first-time, low-level marijuana possession offenders.

Between 2018 and 2023, Idaho police made over 31,000 marijuana-related arrests. Over 94 percent of those arrests were for marijuana possession, not sales. Approximately half of all drug-related arrests in Idaho are marijuana-related.

Idaho lawmakers also passed a resolution this session providing the legislature with exclusive authority to decide marijuana policy. The resolution will appear as a ballot question next year.

Florida: New Law Suspends Medical Cannabis Access to Those With Certain Drug Convictions

Tallahassee, FL: Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis has signed legislation (SB 2514) into law suspending the registrations of medical cannabis patients and caregivers who have certain drug-related convictions on their records.

The new provisions are included in a Health and Human Services appropriations bill. The language reads, “The Department shall immediately suspend the registration” of any patient or caregiver convicted of “trafficking in the sale, manufacture, or delivery of, or possession with intent to sell, … of a controlled substance.”

Those who have their registrations revoked may reapply to participate in the program after they have “completed all terms” related to their conviction.

An earlier version of the bill sought to revoke registrations for any patient or caregiver convicted of even minor drug-related offenses, including those specific to the purchase of more than ten grams of marijuana. That language was eventually amended in a conference committee.

NORML generated hundreds of emails to lawmakers opposing the new restrictions, opining: “Patients do not lose their access to opioids and other traditional medications based on past convictions. They should not lose their access to medical cannabis either.”

Some 900,000 Floridians are registered in the state’s medical cannabis access program.

Arkansas: Hemp Ban Not Preempted by Federal Law, Federal Court Rules

Little Rock, AR: An Arkansas law prohibiting the sale of hemp-derived intoxicating products is not preempted by the 2018 federal Farm Bill, according to a ruling issued last week by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals.

Plaintiffs challenged the 2023 law (Arkansas Act 629), which restricts the sale of hemp-derived intoxicating cannabinoids that are the result of a chemical synthesis, such as products high in concentrations of delta-8-THC. The Court rejected plaintiffs’ arguments, opining that federal law “facilitates” but does not mandate states to regulate hemp-related products.

“Just because states may legalize hemp under the 2018 Farm Bill does not mean they must,” the Court determined.

The decision is similar to rulings issued earlier this year by federal courts in Alaska and Virginia, which also determined that state governments retain the ability to restrict the sales of hemp-derived intoxicating products. In Alabama, a Montgomery Circuit Court judge also recently upheld that state’s newly imposed ban on smokable hemp products.

Nearly half of all US states impose severe restrictions on the retail sale of delta-8-THC and similar products, according to reporting provided by Courthouse News Service. However, Republican Governors in Florida and Texas have recently vetoed legislation that sought to impose similar bans.

The case is Bio Gen LLC et al. vs Sarah Huckabee Sanders et al.

Ohio: Lawmakers Pause Effort To Roll Back Voter-Approved Marijuana Legalization Law

Columbus, OH: Legislation modifying the state’s voter-approved adult-use marijuana law has stalled ahead of lawmakers’ summer recess.

Lawmakers recently cancelled a pair of scheduled votes on a substitute version of Senate Bill 56 after legislators raised numerous concerns about its language. In recent months, NORML has generated over 17,000 messages to lawmakers opposing the bill.

The amended bill makes numerous changes to existing law, including placing a cap on the total number of state-licensed cannabis retailers permitted statewide, imposing THC potency limits, and criminalizing the possession of any marijuana products obtained from out of state. It also prohibits the sale of hemp-derived intoxicating products in outlets other than state-licensed dispensaries.

Fifty-seven percent of Ohio voters approved Issue 2 in 2023. Regulators implemented the law as written in 2024, following a failed attempt by some of the state’s leading Republicans to pass legislation that would have gutted many of its key provisions.

Study: No Significant Link Between Current Marijuana Use and Increased Risk of Heart Attack

Oklahoma City, OK: Adults who acknowledge having used cannabis within the past 30 days do not possess a significantly elevated risk of heart attack as compared to non-users, according to data published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (AJPM) Focus.

A pair of researchers affiliated with the University of Oklahoma Hudson College of Public Health assessed the relationship between marijuana use and asthma, depression, and myocardial infarction in a representative sample of 729,240 individuals.

Unadjusted models determined that current marijuana consumers possessed a decreased risk of heart attack and an increased risk of asthma; however, these associations became non-significant once investigators adjusted for covariates (e.g., age, pre-existing health conditions, etc.).

These findings “seem to support previous studies showing that marijuana use was not associated with MI [myocardial infarction],” the study’s authors concluded.

Researchers did identify a statistically significant link between current cannabis use and depression, but they cautioned that this result “does not indicate a causal association.”

Although individual studies assessing cannabis use and cardiovascular health have yielded inconsistent results, a literature review of 67 papers published in The American Journal of Medicine concluded, “[M]arijuana itself does not appear to be independently associated with excessive cardiovascular risk factors.”

Full text of the study, “The association between marijuana use and myocardial infarction, asthma, and depression in racial and sexual minorities: BRFSS 2016-2022,” appears in AJPM Focus.

Survey: Over One in Three Californians Report Current Cannabis Use, Most Say They Obtain It From Licensed Dispensaries

San Diego, CA: Over one-third of California adults acknowledge having consumed cannabis within the past three months, and most say that they obtain it primarily from state-licensed dispensaries, according to survey data published in the journal Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.

Researchers with the University of California at San Diego surveyed over 5,000 California adults. Respondents were demographically matched to the 2020 California census.

Thirty-seven percent of respondents reported currently consuming cannabis products, while 33 percent said that they were former consumers. Over three quarter of current consumers said that they obtained marijuana products primarily from licensed dispensaries – a finding that the study’s authors acknowledged is “in contrast to public reporting regarding the strong presence of the illicit marketplace” in California.

Current consumers said that their cannabis use positively impacted their lives, with participants reporting improved emotional (82 percent), mental (81 percent), and physical (62 percent) health. More than half of consumers acknowledged using cannabis in place of a prescription medication – a finding that is consistent with other surveys.

California voters approved a ballot measure regulating the adult-use marijuana market in 2016.

Full text of the study, “Cannabis use in California following legalization of recreational use,” appears in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.

Clinical Trial: FDA-Approved CBD Formulation Associated With Clinically Evident Improvements in Autistic Boys

San Diego, CA: The adjunctive use of CBD in the form of the plant-derived FDA-approved drug Epidiolex is associated with symptomatic improvements in autistic boys with severe behavioral problems, according to clinical trial data published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

Investigators affiliated with the University of California at San Diego assessed CBD treatment versus placebo in a cohort of 39 autistic boys ages 7 to 14. Clinicians observed participants on either a weekly or biweekly basis throughout the study period but were unaware of which participants were consuming CBD or placebo until after the study’s conclusion.

“Blinded clinical impressions showed almost two-third of the participants had behavioral improvements with CBD,” researchers reported. “Reductions in aggressive behaviors and hyperactivity were observed most frequently, with improvements in communication being seen in almost 30 percent. Since many of the participants were non-speaking at the onset of the study, this was a notable change, with several of the children beginning to use words for the first time.”

Investigators did not identify significant differences between CBD treatment and placebo on other outcome measures – a result that they attributed to the study’s small sample size and a greater than expected placebo effect. They acknowledged that Epidiolex possesses an acceptable safety profile and is well-tolerated in this patient population. (Epidiolex was approved by the FDA in 2018 specifically for the treatment of Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, two rare forms of childhood epilepsy.)

“Despite the limitations, this study provides valuable new information about a potential role of CBD in improving behavior in a subset of children with autism, as well as the strong role the placebo effect plays in this condition,” the study’s authors concluded.

Several other placebo-controlled trials and observational studies have shown that the use of cannabinoids can improve symptoms and provide quality-of-life benefits to patients with autism.

Full text of the study, “Cannabidiol treatment for severe problem behaviors in autistic boys: A randomized clinical trial,” appears in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

Case Report: Topical Application of Hemp Seed Oil Mitigates Eczema Symptoms

Katowice, Poland: The daily application of hemp seed oil is associated with reduced inflammation, itching, and other symptoms associated with eczema, according to the results of a case study published in the journal Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences.

Polish researchers reported on an eczema patient’s progress after using cannabis seed oil topically for three months. The patient applied the oil once daily prior to going to sleep.

“In our observational study, regular, 3-month application of the emulsion based on cannabis sativa L. oil considerably reduced inflammation, erythema, pruritus, xerosis and scaling of the skin, soothing excoriations and lichenification (hardening of the skin),” the study’s authors concluded.

A prior observational study similarly reported that the topical application of the plant-derived cannabinoids CBD and CBG (cannabigerol) reduced itching and other related symptoms in eczema patients.

Topical application of cannabinoids, particularly CBD, has demonstrated benefits in the treatment of a variety of skin-related conditions, including, leg ulcers, skin ulcers of the fingertips, psoriasis, erythema, pruritus, and acne. It has also been associated with wound healing in patients with refractory leg ulcers and with the rare skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa. The application of hemp seed oil has been shown to accelerate wound healing in animal models.

Full text of the study, “Topical use of cannabis sativa L.-based emulsion for management of atopic dermatitis persisting from infancy in a 23-year-old male – a case study,” appears in Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences.

Most Healthcare Professionals Are Unprepared To Counsel Patients About Cannabis

Old Westbury, NY: Most US healthcare professionals say that they are unprepared to discuss the therapeutic use of cannabis with their patients, according to a review of studies published in the journal Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids.

Investigators with the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine reviewed 41 studies assessing medical practitioners’ attitudes toward medical cannabis.

They found that most respondents perceive themselves to be inadequately prepared to counsel their patients on the issue.

“US physicians and medical trainees perceived significant knowledge barriers to recommending MC [medical cannabis] and counseling patients on its therapeutic use,” researchers reported. “Students, residents, and fellows remain minimally prepared on this topic, both on the pharmacological principles and the ability to provide guidance to patients who have questions.”

The study’s authors concluded: “Physicians expressed the need for postgraduate education on MC in different formats, including CME (webinars and conference presentations), along with clearer state clinical practice guidelines. … Effectively training current and future healthcare professionals on MC is a necessary step toward improving patient care and reducing potential stigma associated with medical versus recreational cannabinoid use.”

Full text of the study, “Physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about medical cannabis in the United States: A scoping review,” appears in Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids.

Survey: Parkinson’s Disease Patients Report Quality of Life Improvements Following Cannabis Use

Marseille, France: Most Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients who consume cannabis say that it mitigates their symptoms and improves their health-related quality of life, according to survey data published in the journal Parkinson’s Disease.

French investigators surveyed 1,136 patients with PD (median age: 68 years). Among those who acknowledged using cannabis, 60 percent said that it improves their quality of life. Most respondents said that cannabis mitigates their pain and rigidity and improves their sleep. Approximately 40 percent of consumers said that cannabis use reduces their tremor frequency. Many patients similarly reported beneficial effects from the use of CBD products.

Medical cannabis use is not permitted in France. CBD products are legally accessible.

“Both cannabis and CBD users reported high effectiveness levels for sleep disorders, pain, and rigidity/cramps, as well as high overall levels of satisfaction with the substances,” the study’s authors concluded. “An enhanced communication with healthcare providers and facilitated access to safe products are needed in France so that people with PD can maximize the benefits of cannabinoids when clinically appropriate.”

Observational studies have found cannabis inhalation to be associated with PD symptom improvements, including improvements in pain, tremor, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement).

Full text of the study, “Patterns of use and patient-reported effects of cannabinoids in people with PD: A nationwide survey,” appears in Parkinson’s Disease.

Preclinical Data Suggests CBD Mitigates Age-Related Cognitive Decline

Lethbridge, Canada: The daily administration of CBD is associated with improved memory and reduced age-related cognitive decline, according to preclinical data published in the journal Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.

Canadian researchers assessed the effects of CBD on memory impairment and brain inflammation in older mice. Animals in the study were administered CBD daily for a period of seven months.

Researchers reported that CBD treatment reduced neuroinflammation and improved learning and memory processes.

“The findings of this study indicate that CBD reduces inflammatory response in the brain and improves cognitive decline associated with aging,” the study’s authors concluded. “Importantly, evidence was also observed suggesting that long-term CBD treatments do not have negative impacts on these same functions and brain regions, nor do they cause negative side effects in aged mice subjects. … It is possible that the effects of CBD treatment can be enhanced if an extract with THC and terpenoids is used.”

Separate data published recently in the journal Alzheimer’s Research and Therapy similarly reports that CBD treatment improves memory in preclinical models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Full text of the study, “Effects of cannabidiol on age-related cognitive decline in C57 mice,” appears in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.

Pennsylvania: City of Easton Adopts Marijuana Decriminalization Ordinance

Easton, MD: Members of the Easton (population: 30,000) city council have approved an ordinance decriminalizing low-level marijuana offenses.

The ordinance, passed by a 4-3 vote. It reduces marijuana-related violations within the city’s limits to fine-only citations. Under state law, possessing either marijuana or marijuana paraphernalia is classified as a criminal misdemeanor, punishable by jail time.

Under the new local law, which takes effect on July 11, 2025, first-time possession offenses (of 30 grams or less) are punishable by a fine of $25. Possessing cannabis-related paraphernalia is also punishable by a $25 fine. The public use of cannabis is punishable by a $150 fine. Those cited for multiple offenses will face higher fines.

The ordinance’s sponsor said that it will prevent residents from being saddled with criminal records for minor marijuana violations.

Numerous other Pennsylvania cities, including Erie, Harrisburg, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh, have enacted similar ordinances.

Since 2018, nearly 90,000 Pennsylvanians have been arrested for violating state marijuana laws. Over 85 percent of those arrests were for marijuana possession.

Survey: Endometriosis Patients Say Cannabis Is More Effective, Poses Fewer Side Effects Than Prescription Medications

Sydney, Australia: Most patients with endometriosis say that cannabis is superior to pharmaceutical medications and possesses fewer side effects, according to survey data published in the journal Reproduction & Fertility.

Australian researchers assessed responses from 889 endometriosis patients residing in 28 countries.

Consistent with prior surveys, most respondents acknowledged positive experiences with medical cannabis. Seventy-eight percent of respondents described cannabis as “more effective in managing my symptoms than my current or previous pharmaceutical medication.” An equal percentage acknowledged that cannabis posed “less severe” side effects than prescribed medications.

Sixty-nine percent of respondents said that they turned to cannabis because other medications provided inadequate pain control. Ninety percent of those surveyed said that they would recommend cannabis “to a friend or relative with the disease.”

“Cannabis was viewed as superior to pharmaceuticals both in terms of effectiveness and side effect profile,” the study’s authors concluded. “More research is urgently needed, including clinical trial and real-world data to evaluate safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of quality-assured medicinal cannabis products in the endometriosis population.”

Separate survey data published in the journal Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics reports that nearly one in five patients with endometriosis consume cannabis to manage their pain or other symptoms.

Full text of the study, “In the Weeds: Navigating the complex concerns, challenges, and choices associated with medicinal cannabis consumption for endometriosis,” appears in Reproduction & Fertility.

Feds: Smoking Still Most Popular Way to Consume Cannabis

Bethesda, MD: Smoking is the preferred method of ingestion for most cannabis consumers, according to nationally representative data published in the journal Addiction.

Federal researchers affiliated with the National Institutes of Health examined data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Among those respondents who reported consuming cannabis for non-medical purposes, 79 percent acknowledged “predominantly smoking cannabis.” Among medical consumers, 74 percent said that smoking was their primary method of ingestion.

A separate analysis of NSDUH data published in the Journal of Cannabis Research reported that 77 percent of current cannabis consumers (as defined as having used marijuana during the past month) prefer smoking the substance. Respondents were more than twice as likely to inhale cannabis than consume edibles (37 percent) or engage in vaping (35 percent).

The findings are consistent with data previously provided in March by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Full text of the study, “Prevalence of cannabis consumption methods among people with medically recommended and nonmedical cannabis use in the United States,” appears in Addiction. Full text of the study, “Disparities in use modalities among adults who currently use cannabis, 2022-2023,” appears in the Journal of Cannabis Research.

Case Series: Patients With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Experience Seizure Freedom Following Daily Use of Cannabis Extracts

Toronto, Canada: The daily use of plant-derived cannabis extracts containing THC and CBD is associated with prolonged periods of seizure freedom in patients with refractory epilepsy, according to data published in the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.

A team of Canadian researchers reviewed data from 19 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Following the daily use of cannabis extracts, all patients experienced seizure freedom for periods of at least 90 days. Five patients were seizure-free for more than one year.

Prior to cannabis treatment, patients’ median seizure rate was 6.5 seizures per month.

“The results of the study support prioritizing CBPMs [cannabis-based products for medicinal use] in cases of DRE,” the study’s authors concluded. “Our cohort’s SF [seizure freedom] periods were substantial, considering the patients’ DRE statuses, and the difficulty individuals with DRE have in achieving SF. … Future double blind, placebo-controlled studies should assess whether CBPMs should be prioritized as first-line medical therapy for DRE cases that lack established, evidence-based treatment options.”

In 2018, Food and Drug Administration officials granted market approval to Epidiolex, a prescription medicine containing a standardized formulation of plant-derived cannabidiol for the explicit treatment of Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome – two rare forms of childhood epilepsy.

Full text of the study, “19 patients report seizure freedom with medical cannabis oil treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy: A case series,” appears in Frontiers in Neuroscience.

Analysis: Most Commercially Available CBD Gummy Products Lack Accurate Labeling

Lexington, KY: Most commercially available CBD gummy products contain quantities of cannabidiol that are significantly different than what is purported on the products’ packaging, according to data published in the journal Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.

Researchers affiliated with the University of Kentucky assessed the cannabinoid content of 56 nationally available CBD gummy products.

Consistent with prior assessments, 70 percent of the products contained CBD concentrations that differed significantly from those listed on their labels. Within-product analysis also revealed that CBD percentages were often inconsistent from one gummy to another. Thirty-nine percent of products tested positive for the presence of THC.

“Unregulated CBD product packaging is not an accurate indication of the product constituents,” the study’s authors concluded. “CBD products do not have reliable CBD concentrations, both relative to the dose listed on the label and among individual gummies within the same bottle. These products also frequently contain delta-9-THC (and occasionally delta-8-THC), often unbeknownst to the consumer. The results of this study support the growing body of literature suggesting the necessity of CBD product regulation to ensure customer health and safety.”

Provisions in the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 federally legalized the production and sale of hemp-derived cannabinoid products. Although the legislation explicitly tasked the FDA with establishing regulations to govern the hemp-derived CBD market, the agency refused to do so. In 2023, regulators countered that Congress – not the FDA – must take primary responsibility for creating a regulatory framework overseeing the commercial production and marketing of hemp-derived cannabinoid products.

NORML and other groups have urged the FDA to establish regulatory guidelines governing the production, testing, labeling, and marketing of hemp-derived cannabinoid products. Third-party analyses conducted by the FDA and others have consistently reported that commercially available CBD products and other hemp-derived cannabinoid products are of variable quality and potency, and that they may contain contaminants, adulterants, or elevated levels of heavy metals.

Full text of the study, “Cannabidiol gummy products: LC-MS/MS Assessment of Cannabinoid Concentrations,” appears in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.

Review: Cannabis Preparations Reduce Symptoms in Patients With Anxiety-Related Disorders

Crawley, Australia: Cannabis-based treatments mitigate symptoms and promote quality-of-life improvements in patients suffering from anxiety-related disorders, according to the findings of a systematic review published in the journal Psychiatry Research.

A team of Australian researchers reviewed 57 studies assessing the use of plant-derived and synthetic cannabis formulations in patients with either generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Despite substantial heterogeneity amongst studies, most papers nonetheless reported cannabis preparations to be effective at reducing anxiety symptoms.

“Among studies with a low relative risk of bias studies included in this review, 69 percent reported improvements in anxiety symptoms and quality of life following medicinal cannabis use,” researchers reported. “Among high-quality trials that investigated GAD, there were consistent reductions in anxiety scores reported. Similarly, qualitative findings highlighted improvements in both symptom relief and sleep quality, especially for participants with PTSD.”

The study’s authors concluded: “Across a range of anxiety-related disorders, most high-quality studies found that medicinal cannabis reduced anxiety symptoms in individuals with GAD, PTSD and SAD. … Future studies should investigate how medicinal cannabis can be integrated with standard treatments, such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), traditional anxiolytics and cognitive therapy for anxiety-related disorders.”

Survey data reports that some 70 percent of consumers who use cannabis for self-medication purposes do so to address feelings of anxiety.

Full text of the study, “Medicinal cannabis in the management of anxiety disorders: A systematic review,” appears inPsychiatry Research.

Analysis: Legal Cannabis Markets Have Generated $25 Billion in State Tax Revenue

Washington, DC: Taxes derived from the licensed sale of state-regulated adult-use cannabis products totaled more than $4.4 billion in 2024 – the highest total ever recorded in a single year, according to an analysis provided by the Marijuana Policy Project.

Cannabis sales generated the greatest amount of tax revenue in California (over $1 billion), followed by Illinois ($578 million), Michigan ($524 million), and Washington ($516 million).

Since 2014, when Colorado and Washington became the first two states to regulate the adult-use cannabis market, states have generated a combined total of more than $24.7 billion in tax revenue from the sale of marijuana products.

“States with legal, adult-use cannabis sales have allocated tax revenues to a variety of needs, including their General Funds and specific services and programs,” the report’s authors acknowledge. “Cannabis taxes have provided funding for Medicaid, education, school construction, housing, roads, early literacy, bullying prevention, behavioral health, alcohol and drug treatment, veterans’ services, conservation, job training, conviction expungement expenses, and reinvestment in communities that have been disproportionately affected by the war on cannabis, among many others.”

Twenty-four states have enacted legislation legalizing the adult use of cannabis. However, three states – Delaware, Minnesota, and Virginia – have yet to license cannabis retailers.

Separate economic data provided last month by Vangst Staffing and Whitney Economics reports that some 425,000 workers are currently employed full-time by state-licensed cannabis businesses.

Full text of the report, “Cannabis Tax Revenue in States that Regulate Cannabis for Adults,” is available from MPP.

Nevada: Governor Signs Legislation Allowing Those With Prior Marijuana Convictions To Become Foster Parents

Carson City, NV: Republican Governor Joe Lombardo has signed legislation (AB 107) into law allowing those with prior low-level marijuana convictions to be eligible to become foster parents.

In March, members of the Nevada Assembly voted 42 to zero in favor of the measure. Senate members approved the bill on May 23rd by a vote of 19 to 2.

The Governor signed the bill last Thursday. The measure took effect upon passage.

Nevada law previously disqualified anyone with a federal or state drug-related conviction from fostering children. The new law provides an exception for those with marijuana possession convictions, if the conviction did not occur within the preceding five years.

“Nevada’s longstanding foster care ban no longer aligned with public attitudes toward marijuana, nor did it align with the marijuana laws of Nevada or the surrounding states that regulate its use,” NORML’s Deputy Director Paul Armentano said. “As cannabis laws change, it is imperative that lawmakers continue to target and amend these ‘holdover’ policies so that consumers no longer face discrimination for behaviors that are state-legal.”

Nevada voters legalized adult-use marijuana possession and sales in 2016.

Alaska: District Court Judge Says State-Imposed Restrictions on Sale of Hemp-Derived Intoxicants Don’t Violate Federal Farm Act

Juneau, AK: A federal court judge has rejected arguments that state regulations restricting the sale of hemp-derived intoxicating products violate federal law.

The ruling, issued by a US District Court judge for the District of Alaska, finds that the state-imposed restrictions “are consistent with the 2018 Farm Act.” In 2023, state regulators restricted the sale of hemp-derived products solely to state-licensed cannabis dispensaries. (Alaska legalized the sale and use of marijuana for recreational purposes in 2014.)

In his ruling, the judge opined that the 2018 federal law provides states, not the federal government, with “primary regulatory authority” over matters specific to “the production and sale of industrial hemp … within their borders.” Therefore, the court determined that Alaska’s regulations “are not preempted by the 2018 Farm Act.”

Earlier this year, judges for the US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit upheld restrictions imposed upon hemp-derived products in Virginia. Judges similarly determined, “Despite the 2018 Farm Bill, the states retain a significant role in the regulation of hemp” and that the Bill “expressly permit[s] states to regulate the production of hemp more stringently than federal law.”

In recent years, unregulated manufacturers have engaged in synthesizing hemp-derived CBD into a variety of novel intoxicating products. This synthetic conversion process often involves the use of potentially dangerous household products. Lab analyses of unregulated products containing delta-8-THC and similar compounds often find them to contain lower levels of cannabinoids than what is advertised on the products’ labels. Some products also possess heavy metal contaminants and unlabeled cutting agents. Other novel compounds, like THC-O, have not been tested for safety in human trials.

The case is AK Industrial Hemp Association et al. v. Alaska Department of Natural Resources.

Study: Cannabis Use Associated With Reduced Anxiety, Improved Sleep Quality in Older Adults
Cannabis use is associated with short-term reductions in pain, depression, and anxiety, as well as with improved sleep quality the following night.

a graph line indicating a decrease overlaid on a background with a stethoscope, notepad, pen, and cannabis leaves
Analysis: Cannabis-Related Hospitalizations Fall Among Underage Youth Following Adult-Use Legalization
“The total effect, 3.5 years after legalization, was a 34 percent reduction in hospitalizations for those below relative to those above the minimum legal age,” investigators determined.

A senior woman reads the label on a cannabis CBD bottle
Preclinical Data Finds “Compelling” Evidence That CBD Offers a “Comprehensive Treatment Approach” to Alzheimer’s Disease
“These data present CBD as a potential target to combat not only molecular deficits in AD but also cognitive impairment,” the study’s authors concluded.

A voter in Nebraska casts a vote for marijuana
Nebraska: Lawmakers Kill Bill Facilitating Voter-Approved Medical Cannabis Access
The bill’s failure will likely delay patients’ ability to access cannabis products.

Study: Cannabis Use Associated With Reduced Anxiety, Improved Sleep Quality in Older Adults

Orlando, FL: Older adults’ use of cannabis is associated with reduced anxiety and improved sleep, according to data published in the journal Psychiatry.

Investigators affiliated with the University of Central Florida assessed the impact of cannabis use on anxiety, sleep quality, depression, and pain in a cohort of older (ages 55 to 74) medical cannabis consumers.

Researchers reported that cannabis use was associated with short-term reductions in pain, depression, and anxiety, as well as with improved sleep quality the following night. Subjects’ improved sleep was directly related to their reductions in anxiety, the study’s authors determined.

“These findings provide evidence of momentary improvements in pain, anxiety, depression, and indirect benefits for sleep quality,” they concluded. “The results of this study contribute to a growing body of research evaluating the utility of MC [medical cannabis] for older adults and serve to help inform moderate use guidelines for this population.”

Survey data provided by AARP reports that more than one in five older adults have consumed cannabis over the past year, with some two-thirds of older consumers acknowledging having used it “to improve or manage a physical health condition,” such as chronic pain, anxiety, or sleep disturbances. Industry-backed survey data finds that an estimated 16 percent of US adults say that they use cannabis products to help them sleep.

Full text of the study, “Impact of medical cannabis on anxiety and sleep quality in older adults,” appears in Psychiatry.

Analysis: Cannabis-Related Hospitalizations Fall Among Underage Youth Following Adult-Use Legalization

Ottawa, Canada: The legalization of the adult-use cannabis market in Canada resulted in a significant decline in the rate of underage youths requiring hospitalization for marijuana-related incidents, according to data published in the American Journal of Public Health.

Researchers affiliated with the University of Ottawa and the University of Toronto assessed nationwide rates of cannabis-related hospitalizations among those ages 15 to 44 years old in the years immediately prior to and following legalization.

They reported that hospitalization rates increased by two percent annually among both underage youth and adults during the three years prior to legalization. Following legalization, hospitalization rates fell among underage youth, but not among adults.

“The total effect, 3.5 years after legalization, was a 34 percent reduction in hospitalizations for those below relative to those above the MLA [minimum legal age],” the study’s authors concluded. “The results suggest that cannabis legalization may … prevent such increases for at-risk young people in regions pursuing cannabis legalization.”

Survey data from Canada and the United States have consistently failed to identify an uptick in young people’s use of marijuana following legalization.

Full text of the study, “Minimum legal age of nonmedical cannabis purchase laws and cannabis-related hospitalizations in Canada, 2015-2022,” appears in the American Journal of Public Health.

Nebraska: Lawmakers Kill Bill Facilitating Voter-Approved Medical Cannabis Access

Lincoln, NE: State lawmakers killed legislation (LB 677) that sought to provide a regulatory framework for the production and dispensing of medical cannabis. Some 70 percent of Nebraskans approved a pair of ballot measures in November legalizing the use of medical cannabis by authorized patients.

Despite that public support, lawmakers filibustered the measure – which sought to facilitate the law’s implementation while also imposing various changes to its provisions. The failure of the bill will likely delay patients’ ability to access cannabis products. Regulations governing the law will now be left to members of a yet-to-be-appointed commission.

Numerous elected officials, including Republican Attorney General Mike Hilgers and U.S. Senator Pete Ricketts, have publicly opposed adopting the voter-approved law, and the AG is asking the state’s Supreme Court to nullify the election result.

Additional information is available from Nebraskans for Medical Marijuana.

Preclinical Data Finds “Compelling” Evidence That CBD Offers a “Comprehensive Treatment Approach” to Alzheimer’s Disease

Madrid, Spain: CBD treatment is neuroprotective and is associated with improved memory in preclinical models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), according to data published in the journal Alzheimer’s Research and Therapy.

Spanish researchers assessed the impact of CBD in in vitro and in vivo models of AD. They reported that CBD reduces neuroinflammation, reduces the build-up of proteins associated with the onset of AD, significantly improves long-term and short-term spatial memory, and promotes neuronal repair and regeneration.

“These multifaceted effects of CBD, ranging from molecular-level modulation to behavioral improvements, underscore its potential as a comprehensive therapeutic approach for AD,” the study’s authors concluded. “These data present CBD as a potential target to combat not only molecular deficits in AD but also cognitive impairment, offering a promising therapeutic approach that could potentially slow disease progression and improve quality of life for AD patients.”

Full text of the study, “Cannabidiol as a multifaceted therapeutic agent: Mitigating Alzheimer’s disease pathology and enhancing cognitive function,” appears in Alzheimer’s Research and Therapy.